Communist Manifesto
contributor: Eric Lease Morgan (Infomotions, Inc.)
creator: Marx, Karl
date: 0000-00-00
extent: 75989
format: text/plain
language: en
publisher: Eris Etext Project
rights: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/GPL/2.0/
source: 1
subject: class
subject: bourgeois
subject: bourgeoisie
subject: society
subject: proletariat
subject: property
subject: communist
subject: manifesto
subject: karl
subject: marx
subject: translated
subject: samuel
subject: moore
subject: intro
subject: spectre
subject: haunting
subject: europe
subject: communism
subject: western
subject: philosophy
type: text
local mirror: marx-communist-109.txt
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plain html: marx-communist-109.htm
sort title: Communist Manifesto
full text: 1848 COMMUNIST MANIFESTO by Karl Marx Translated by Samuel Moore INTRO COMMUNIST MANIFESTO A spectre is haunting Europe- the spectre of Communism. All the powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre: Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicals and German police spies. Where is the party in opposition that has not been decried as communistic by its opponents in power? Where the opposition that has not hurled back the branding reproach of Communism against the more advanced opposition parties, as well as against its reactionary adversaries? Two things result from this fact: I. Communism is already acknowledged by all European powers to be itself a power. II. It is high time that Communists should openly, in the face of the whole world, publish their views, their aims, their tendencies, and meet this nursery tale of the spectre of Communism with a manifesto of the party itself. To this end, Communists of various nationalities have assembled in London and sketched the following manifesto, to be published in the English, French, German, Italian, Flemish, and Danish languages. CHAPTER I. BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS.* *By bourgeoisie is meant the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production, and employers of wage labour; by proletariat the class of modern wage labourers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labour power in order to live. The history of all hitherto existing society* is the history of class struggles. *That is, all written history. In 1837, the pre-history of society, the social organization existing previous to recorded history, was all but unknown. Since then Haxthausen discovered common ownership of land in Russia; Maurer proved it to be the social foundation from which all Teutonic races started in history, and, by and by, village communities were found to be, or to have been, the primitive form of society everywhere from India to Ireland. The i…